Literature Review

Submit your Literature Review on time at the start of class (hard copy) and via Turnitin (soft copy).

Step 1:  Review APA 7^th Edition guidelines

Become familiar with the rules of how to write in APA style: in particular, pay attention to general document guidelines (e.g. font, margins, spacing), title page, introduction, body, text citation, and work cited page. Check launchpad for APA 6^th edition.

According to APA, you will have:

• A separate title page
• Body (your lit. review): Follow the outline on Moodle
• Reference page

Step 2: Decide on a new topic (argumentative)

It will help you considerably if you know a little bit about your topic.

Step 3: Research and identify the literature (2 journal articles/book chapters and 2 media articles) that you will review to support your research paper.

• Two of your sources support your claim and two support the counterclaim.
• Narrow your topic. As you review sources, you will quickly discover if your topic is too broad. Narrow it down.

Step 4: Analyze the literature related to the issue you will write about

Once you have identified and located the book/article for your review, you need to analyze them and organize them before you begin writing:

1. Overview the articles: skim the books/articles to get an idea of the general purpose and content of the article. Focus your reading on the abstract, introduction and first few paragraphs, and the conclusion of each article.
2. Group the articles into categories
3. Take notes:
4. Define key terms: look for differences in the way key terms are defined.
5. Note key statistics that you may want to use in the introduction to your review
6. Select useful quotes that you may want to include in your research paper (two only)
7. Note emphases, strengths & weaknesses: Since different research studies focus on different aspects of the issue being studied, each article that you read will have different emphases, strengths and weaknesses.
8. Your role as a reviewer is to summarize and evaluate what you read, so that your review is not a mere description of different articles, but rather a critical analysis that makes sense of the collection of articles that you are reviewing.
9. Keep your literature review focused on your topic! Make sure that the articles you find are relevant and directly related to your topic.

Step 5: Organize the sources and write your Literature Review

1. Using the notes you have taken, develop your literature review.
2. You should have:

• Introduction: background information about the topic + a thesis statement about the two main themes you will discuss in your body paragraphs.
• TWO body paragraphs with your summary, synthesis and analysis (each body paragraph discusses two sources that have similar views)

Conclusion: summary of the main points + argumentative thesis statement (the same thesis statement that you will use in your research paper)

Solution

Instruction Methods

Introduction

With the numerous numbers of teaching methods available, it is hard to discern which method is perfect in which situations. Usually, teachers pick the instructional method with the most effective outcome. Some of the instructional methods include; lectures, demonstration, observation, and classroom discussion. There is no particular instructional method that can work with all learners since their idiosyncrasies play a crucial role in determining the best instructional method. For instance, a teacher cannot use the lecture method to teach students in middle school. Over the years, most instructors have prioritized worked examples and direct instruction over other instructional methods. The aim of this research paper is to establish the reasons why most instructors are leaning towards the aforementioned instructional methods.

Research Questions

• What qualities make worked examples and direct instruction peculiar?

• What are the constituents of the two instructional methods?
• How are the two instructional methods implemented?
• Under what circumstances are the two instructional methods appropriate?
• How effective are the two instructional methods?

Literature Review

Worked Example

Worked examples are sequential (step-by-step) solutions that students can follow to learn how to solve problems. Worked examples entail having a problem statement with a procedure for approaching the aforementioned problem. Worked examples are more effective when paired with practice questions. In essence, immediately after the students have analyzed worked examples, they should be given practice questions to put their problem-solving skills to practice. By providing students with the procedure for tackling a given problem, the unnecessary cognitive load on the student is reduced. To better understand how worked examples reduce cognitive load, it is pertinent to understand cognitive load theory.

The fundamental concept of Cognitive Load Theory is “Cognitive Load.” Cognitive load refers to the sum of information that the working memory can process simultaneously. Sweller (1988) stated that, since the working memory is limited, instructional methods should be configured such that they do not overload it with redundant materials that do not contribute to learning. For instance, in a worked example that shows how to analyze a fictitious novel, giving the author’s background story may be unnecessary since it is not associated with the story’s plot…………………………………To access the rest of the solution for $20, please click on the purchase button

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